Salt tolerant crops pdf

Options for developing salt tolerant crops wayne loescher1, zhulong chan, and rebecca grumet graduate program in plant breeding, genetics, and biotechnology, michigan state university, 328 pssb, east lansing, mi 4882425. Salt tolerance of crops is the maximum salt level a crop tolerates without losing its productivity while it is affected negatively at higher levels. Full sun partial shade moist to wet, tolerant of standing water 36 60. New insights on plant salt tolerance mechanisms and. Relative salt electrical conductivity of saturated soil extract, ec e in dsm tolerance of various crops at emergence and during growth to maturity after maas, 1986. For agricultural and horticultural crops, growers are most concerned with achieving economic yield and quality under saline conditions. Salinity tolerance in irrigated crops 2 nsw department of primary industries, january 2017 note that one megalitre at ecw of 1 dsm contains about 640kg of salts. Over time, salts can accumulate in the soils as crops extract water, leaving the salts behind in the root zone. Salinity tolerance find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Resort if possible to growing crops or varieties with tolerance to salinity 4. Big springs road, riverside, ca 92507, usa abstract global constraints on fresh water supplies and the need to dispose of agricultural, municipal, and. Plant species vary in how well they tolerate salt affected soils.

Salt resistant perennial plants, cooperative extension of ocean county 20 pdf. Only datepalm is relatively salt tolerant, whereas olive and a few others are believed to be moderately tolerant. Salt tolerance of crops could be improved by genetic engineering if basic questions on mechanisms of salt toxicity and defense responses could be solved at the molecular level. The development of new improved salt tolerant forage crops gives forage producers an additional means of minimizing salinityrelated production losses and an opportunity to improve profits by fully utilizing all the farm ground available to them. To increase the plant salt tolerance, there is a need for understanding the mechanisms of salt limitation on plant growth and the mechanism of salt tolerance at the wholeplant, organelle, and molecular levels. Varietal differences and environmental conditions may make plants more or less salt tolerant than indicated in the tables. Among crops, vegetables possess a central position in the human diet because of their nutritional value providing vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins, and mineral nutrients. Crop salt tolerance is defined based on the crops ability to maintain yield and quality with increased salinity. New salinitytolerant forage crops progressive forage.

Planting a crop that is sensitive to moderately sensitive to high salt levels will not only result in loss of revenue but will make the. Salt tolerance in crops will also allow the more effective use of poor quality irrigation water. Pdf soil salinity is a major constraint to agriculture. Understanding the effects of salinity on pistachios louise ferguson, blake sanden and steve grattan university of california. Advances in molecular breeding toward drought and salt tolerant crops seeks to integrate the most recent findings about key biological determinants of plant stress tolerance with modern crop improvement strategies. Soil salinity is a major constraint to agriculture. Salt tolerant native plants tolerate wind, airborne salt, salt in soil. All these responses to salinity contribute to deleterious effects on plants, although there are tolerant plants to nacl that can implement a series of.

Pdf several environmental factors adversely affect plant growth and development and final yield performance of a crop. Salt resistant perennial plants, cooperative extension of ocean county 20 identification of low growing, salt tolerant turfgrass species suitable for use along highway right of way, university of maryland center for environmental science and maryland department of transportation 2016. The salt level is often taken as the soil salinity or the salinity of the irrigation water. The deleterious effects of salt stress on agricultural yield are significant, mainly because crops exhibit slower growth rates, reduced tillering and, over months, reproductive development is affected. Osawastudies on the salt tolerance of vegetable crops with special reference to. Farmers can breathe easy as salttolerant crops arrive the. Salttolerant plants for beach and roadside landscaping. Slightly salt tolerant plants with the lowest level of tolerance to salt spray. Most plants avoid salinity, some evade or resist salinity, and a few actually tolerate salinity.

A halophyte is a salt tolerant plant that grows in soil or waters of high salinity, coming into contact with saline water through its roots or by salt spray, such as in saline semideserts, mangrove swamps, marshes and sloughs and seashores. Jul 17, 2012 to increase food supply, there is a need to produce salt tolerant crops, which can grow successfully on salt affected lands. Pdf advances in molecular breeding toward drought and. Vegetable crops water salinity tolerance ecw this table indicates the yield reductions that could be expected when various vegetable crops are irrigated with saline water and grown in moderate. In order to understand the processes that give rise to tolerance of salt, as distinct from.

Tolerance values should be used as a guide when selecting vegetation. Plant salt tolerance is defined differently depending on the intended use and value of the plant. In contrast to other crop groups, most woody fruit and nut crops tend to be salt sensitive, even in the absence of specificion effects. For landscape designers and managers, the ability of. The wheat data of gohana show a higher salt tolerance threshold salinity. It is not on the recommended seeding list because of limited seed availability and poor establishment. Salt electrical conductivity of saturated soil extract, ec e in dsm tolerance of herbaceous crops adapted from maas, 1986. Leaf photosynthesis of all sorghum plants irrigated with salt solution at ec of 5 and 10 dsm1 was decreased by 6. How an ancient, salt tolerant fruit crop, ficus carica l. Youping sun 1, genhua niu1, pedro osuna2, lijuan zhao4, girisha ganjegunte. The ultimate aim of salinity tolerance research is to increase the ability of plants to maintain growth and productivity in saline soils. Soil salinity is an important stress affecting irrigated crops in many areas of california.

If soil salinity is determined only at one location of an area of concern, a factor of 1. Effects of salt stress on plant growth, stomatal response. Vegetable crops are defined as herbaceous species grown for human consumption in which the edible portions consist of leaves, roots, hypocotyls, stems, petioles, and flower buds. Aug 04, 2016 breeding salt tolerant crop plants kaust official. Advances in molecular breeding toward drought and salt.

How an ancient, salttolerant fruit crop, ficus carica l. Here, we discuss the challenges and opportunities provided by recently developed functional tools for the develop ment of salttolerant crops. Salt spray the aerial drift of saltladen water droplets that are deposited on trees and shrubs causes salt spray damage. Tolerance of vegetable crops to salinity sciencedirect. Kaust professor mark tester explains how new salt tolerant and heatresistant strands of tomatoes and quinoa can open new possibilities for. The maximum salt tolerance of wheat in sampla is 4. A central research institute is developing salt tolerant varieties of crops like groundnut, tobacco, cumin and banana that aim at revolutionising the foodbasket in 6. Plants lacking era1 activity have increased tolerance to drought, however are also severely compromised in yield. To reduce salt accumulation in the root zone irrigation water and drainage systems can be used to wash salts down the soil profile. Apparently, most crops become more tolerant at later stages of growth, but there are some exceptions. Understanding the effects of salinity on pistachios. However, the salt tolerant grasses may be slow to establish as by the time these are planted are in july or august and the grasses should be planted in may. These will generally be perennials, annuals, or tender plants treated as annuals.

Highly salt tolerant plants tolerant of the direct salt spray such as that received along dunes and immediately adjacent to the oceanfront. Some examples of conventional breeding programs for drought tolerance are the development of rice, wheat and indian mustard varieties tolerant to salt and to alkali soils by the central soil salinity research institute in karnal, india 3. Include some short plants and some mediumsized plants in your salt tolerant plant selection to ensure having some knockout flower beds. Developing salttolerant crop plants bashan foundation. Faced with the enigma of rising salinity ingress on their farmlands, farmers can now look forward to transgenic crops. Moderately salt tolerant plants tolerant of moderate levels of salt spray, such as that received in landscapes adjacent to the beach front, but which are sheltered by other plants, structures or natural dunes. Pdf advances in molecular breeding toward drought and salt.

Advances in molecular breeding toward drought and salt tolerant crops. The following is a table of the reported salt tolerance of selected trees and shrubs. Salinity laboratory, department of agriculture, agricultural research service, 450 w. Variability in salt tolerance of sorghum bicolor l. This stress is often exacerbated during drought years.

However, the approach has not led to the release of salt. Tolerance will be required for the dewatering species, but also for the annual crops to follow, as salt will be left in the soil when the water table is lowered. For most crops, this response function follows a sigmoidal relationship. Ece 48 moderately saline, yield reduction of many crops ece 816 saline, normal yield for salt tolerant crops only ece 16, reasonable crop yields only for very tolerant crops from this, a salt tolerance classification of crops can be derived. For harvested crops, threshold values indicate soil salinity levels where plants begin to experience yieldreducing effects. To improve salinity tolerance of crops, various traits can be incorporated, including ion. Use crop residues as mulch to reduce water loss from evaporation.

Vegetable crops water salinity tolerance ecw this table indicates the yield reductions that could be expected when various vegetable crops are irrigated with saline water and grown in moderate to slowdraining soils. Vegetable crops water salinity tolerance ecw this table indicates the yield reductions that could be expected when various vegetable crops are irrigated. Tried fallowing, rotation, more salt tolerant crops, and better irrigation systems with more control stopgap solutions. Some date palm varieties have the ability to grow in close proximity to the seashore where they. Droughtresistant crops and varieties some crops and varieties require less water than others once they are established. Salt tolerance is usually assessed as the percent biomass production in saline versus control conditions over a prolonged period of. It is important to keep in mind when choosing plants considered salt tolerant that the degree of tolerance and extent of damage are dependent on many factors, with tolerance varying in plants. Crop salinity tolerance and yield function salinity. Improving crop salt tolerance oxford academic journals. Fall or winter dormant seeding into standing residue is recommended on salt affected sites. Planting the salt tolerant perennial grasses on areas with an ec of 8.

Gumbo limbo bursera simaurubra jerusalem thorn parkinsonia aculeata. Options for developing salttolerant crops the uc davis plant. The common name comes from historic use of dried leaves as snuff. Planting suitable salttolerant crops based on soil. Saltresistant perennial plants, cooperative extension of ocean county 20 identification of low growing, salt tolerant turfgrass species suitable for use along highway right of way, university of maryland center for environmental science and maryland department of transportation 2016. Plant tolerance levels a range of generally accepted soil salinity ratings for forage. Wild plants are tall with yellow flowers, but garden cultivars, available in many colors, are shorter and more compact. Click on the common name for more information and the botanical name for photos. To improve salinity tolerance of crops, various traits can be incorporated, including ion exclusion, osmotic tolerance and tissue tolerance. In these situations, select plants that are tolerant of the salinity level in soil.

When droplets evaporate, the salt s sodium and chlorine ions can penetrate stems, buds and leaves, causing direct damage. The salt tolerance of vegetable species is important because the cash value of vegetables is usually high compared to field crops. Salinity tolerance in irrigated crops nsw department of. Glycophytes are extremely sensitive to salt in soils. Benefits and limitations in breeding salttolerant crops. Planting suitable salttolerant crops based on soil salinity. When droplets evaporate, the salts sodium and chlorine ions can penetrate stems, buds and leaves, causing direct damage. Biotechnology for the development of drought tolerant. The salt tolerance of crops can be described as a function of yiel d decline across a range of salt concentrations expressed as the average rootzone salinity figure 2. Advances in molecular breeding toward drought and salt tolerant crops seeks to integrate the most recent findings about key biological determinants of plant stress tolerance with modern crop. Trees and shrubs that tolerate saline soils and salt spray drift. Aim for a mix of great flowering plants and foliage plants. Inland saltgrass is another species common on salt affected sites.

For example, one can create a windbreak with salt spray tolerant trees and shrubs, and behind it, plant favorite landscape plants and annuals that may have little if any salt tolerance. Mutant plants accumulating proline and transgenic plants engineered to accumulate mannitol or fructans exhibit improved salt tolerance. Pdf salt tolerance in selected vegetable crops muhammad. Unfortunately, few new crop cultivars have been developed resistant to saline soils, a consequence, in part, of the complexity of plant responses to salt stress. Pdf on jan 1, 2005, jiankang zhu and others published salt and crops. However, they dont specifically address watering plants with a source that is high in salinity such as the brazos river or lake granbury. All such practices will rely on a high degree of salt tolerance, not only of the perennial species used to lower a saline water table, but also of the crops to follow, as some salt will remain in the soil. Selecting and planting salt tolerant trees and shrubs. According to maas and hoffman the salt tolerance of a crop can be best described by plotting its relative yield as a continuous function of soil salinity.

The vegetables, grains and herbs on the following list were selected from seed catalogs and seed catalog websites that specifically mention the terms droughtresistant or droughttolerant in the variety description. The mix of four grasses mentioned above have an ec tolerance of 6. Oats, sorghum, and sudangrass are considered moderately sensitive. Yield reduction starts at ece 10 and tolerant crops yield reduction starts at ece 12 and tolerant crops yield reduction starts at ece 16 and tolerant crops yield reduction starts at ece 20. For example, salt stress affects pollination of some rice oryza sativa l. This chapter provides a management perspective on 1 how plants respond to salinity and toxic elements e. Using the salttolerant crops is one of the most important strategies to solve the problem of salinity. Landscape plant lists for salt tolerance assessment. Salt stress reduced plant growth of all genotypes but the genotypes br5033 and br5011 were characterized as the most salt tolerant and salt sensitive, respectively. Plants tolerant of moderate levels of salt spray, such as that received in landscapes adjacent to the beach front, but which are sheltered by other plants, structures or natural dunes. Although the introduction of salt tolerant plants will not necessarily restore the soil to the point that conventional crops can be grown, soil character is often improved and erosion reduced.

Unfortunately, this book cant be printed from the openbook. Salttolerant shrubs for florida common name scientific name range in florida approximate height pseuderanthemum pseuderanthemum atropurpureum c,s 4 feet rattle box sesbania punicea n,c,s 8 feet ribbon bush homalocladium platycladum c,s 4 feet satsuki azalea rhododendron indicum n,c,s 6 feet. Biotechnology for the development of drought tolerant crops. Salt tolerance is the relative ability of a plant to endure the effects of excess salts in the soil rooting medium in order to produce a satisfactory stand or yield. Salt tolerant plants info sheet for east central florida asterisk indicates native plant trees high salt tolerance common name botanical name acacia, sweet acacia farnesiana autograph treepitch apple clusia rosa black olive bucida buceras buttonwood conocarpus erectus cassia cassia spp. Salt tolerant native plants tolerate wind, airborne salt. Improving crop salt tolerance journal of experimental. Salt stress tolerance level varies from one species to another and, for cereal crops, bread wheat is a moderately salttolerant crop maas and. Drought tip crop salt tolerance soil salinity is an important stress affecting irrigated crops in many areas of california. Stomatal response of the salt tolerant genotype was not affected by salinity.

In order to have a conditional, reversible downregulation of aba, a group of canadian researchers used a droughtinducible promoter to drive the antisense expression of era1, in both arabidopsis and canola plants 11. Barley is a salt tolerant small grain that can work well as a cover crop. Moreover, many arid areas overlie saline aquifers groundwater containing salt levels too high for the irrigation of conventional, salt sensitive crops. This section will examine some of the littieknown seedbearing plants that grow in saline environments and their special charac teristics, the use of foliage from salt tolerant plants to produce leaf protein, some salt tolerant fruits, and the performance of some con ventional food crops with saline water.

The salt tolerance of a crop can best be described by plotting its relative yield as a continuous function of soil salinity. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a pdf. Plants can be divided into two categories in regards to salt stress. The need to produce salttolerant crops was evident in. Managing saline soils in north dakota publications. Trees and shrubs that tolerate saline soils and salt spray. Salt tolerant plants garden reference books frequently categorize plants as salt tolerant if they thrive in coastal or bayside conditions. Salinity and plant tolerance utah state university. The development of new improved salt tolerant forage crops gives forage producers an additional means of minimizing salinityrelated production losses and an opportunity to improve profits by. Depending upon where these lines fall will give their general salt tolerance ranking as salt sensitive, moderately salt sensitive, moderately salt tolerant or salt tolerant. Tables 2 through 8 describe the salt tolerances of common agricultural, horticultural, and ornamental plants grown in utah. Options for developing salttolerant crops wayne loescher1, zhulong chan, and rebecca grumet graduate program in plant breeding, genetics, and biotechnology, michigan state university, 328 pssb, east lansing, mi 4882425. Tried fallowing, rotation, more salt tolerant crops, and better irrigation systems with more control stopgap solutions now manage root zone salinity need good quality water need good drainage drainage water can be used partially if not toxic. To increase food supply, there is a need to produce salt tolerant crops, which can grow successfully on salt affected lands.